Taliban Timeline Explained - From Rags to Regime

Taliban, Once a small group of assailants composing of students, has now become a Hot Pick of every other Country & News Channel. Many recognized them as Terrorist organizations but few such as China & Russia recognized the Taliban as a rational religious movement & political organization.

Today, The Taliban has taken over the whole Afghanistan & soon Taliban will have its own governing body of their own law & order.

Occupying a whole country that too one of the prominent countries of the middle east hasn't happened overnight, The seed has been planted many years back & many outsiders had flourished it very wisely. 

Let's take a look at the whole timeline from scratch to the top, How Taliban has taken full control over Afghanistan. I won't be going into a whole lot of history stuff will be sticking to key instances & facts which led to this massacre.

Great Game

• 1800: Most of the Eastside North-Eastern region is occupied by Russian Empire & South by British India, There is a small Independent buffer between two regions which interconnects them called Afghanistan. Both the Russian & British empire has an eye on Afghanistan to take over the control of it.

• 1838: British Empire with its immense power takes the first step to occupy Afghanistan. They declare war on Afghanistan & overthrow the seating king of Afghanistan(Emir Dost Mohammad) & Placed their puppet(Shah Durrani) on the Afghan throne.

• 1839: During that time period, Afghanistan doesn't have an army, so small tribal chiefs united among themselves & led the infamous war on British invasion known as First Anglo-Afghan War(1839 - 1842).

• 1878: British attempted 2nd chance to invade Afghanistan known as Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878 - 1880) & this time they did emerge as the winning side. Even after the victory, the British wanted to keep the internal rule of Afghanistan intact. Their invasion was just a mere to show their Influence & have healthy relations with Russia.

• 1893: International borderline was drawn between Afghanistan & British India known as Durand line. 

• 1907: Agreement between British & Russian Empire takes place which states that "Afghanistan lies under the realm of British empire & Russia will stay away from it".

• 1918: Communist Revolution takes place in Soviet Russia & Lenin rose to power in Russia.

• 1919: Third Angolo Afghan War takes place to take independence from Bririths empire which Afghan people recognize as "War of Independence". Massive victory emerges for Afghanistan & Afghan gains Complete Independence from British rule. Amanullah Khan emerges as the New King of Afghanistan.

• 1920 -1926: Amanullah Khan was a Liberal & Progressive man. Which turned Afghanistan into the Kingdom of Afghanistan & declare himself as king of Afghanistan.

• 1929: Successful Rebellion takes place against King. Due to which Amanullah Khan & his wife fled from the country to settle in British India.

• 1933: Zahir Shah becomes the new ruler of the country & rules Afghanistan for almost 40 years. He leads Massive Modernization & establishes Foreign Relations also.

• 1947: India & Pakistan become Independent Nations & then drawn Durand line becomes the borderline between Pakistan & Afghanistan.

• 1964: A Birth of New Constitution takes place in Afghanistan & Parlimanetay Elections held in Afghanistan for the first time to elect the new Prime Minister.

• 1973: Doud Khan who was Prime Minister under Zahir Shah, with the support of few Leftists & Communists he led a bloodless Coup against the ruler & successfully declare himself as President of Afghanistan, or should we say emerges as the new Dictator of Afghanistan.

• 1974: Cold War tension rises between Soviet Russia & USA. 1st Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru started Non-Aligned Movement & Afghanistan followed the same to stay from Russia & USA's Ideology of Communism & Capitalism.

• 1977: Doud khan creates his own political party "National Revolutionary Party". 

• 1978: A Communist Leader got Murdered by few unidentified people & this instance led to the Downfall of Doud Khan & unfortunately he & his Family both got killed by the Coup led by other leaders of Afghanistan this incident also famously known as "Saur Revolution".

• A New Communist Party evolves in Afghanistan led by Nur Muhammad Taraki & again few Developments take place in Afghanistan. 

• 1979: Two Major Political Parties i.e Islamist & Communist(PDPA) emerges into a Civil War against each other. In between this Nur Muhhamed got assassinated. Hence Soviets got an excuse to enter into Afghanistan & they did so by entering into Afghanistan to start a war against Mujahideen(Islamist Group).

• 1979 - Dec: USSR invades Afghanistan & killed recently appointed president i.e. Hafizullah Amin & appoints Babrak Karmal as the new president of Afghanistan.

Babra Kamal indeed does dozen of good work during his regime such as :  

1. Releasing of 2,700 prisoners
2. Replaced Red Communist flag with New Afghan Flag
3. Promised New Constitution will be drafted for Afghanistan.
4. Promised Free Election, Freedom of speech, Freedom of religion & Right to protest.

• 1980 -1989: Looking at the Soviet's Invasion, the USA also decided to enter Afghanistan but by supporting the Mujahideen, as USSR is supporting the gov of Afghanistan, the USA decided to support the Mujahideen(Knowing they are nothing but a group of Terrorist).

        Jimmy Carter, President of the USA at that time has also confessed that 5 million USD has been aided to Mujahideen through a secretive operation led by the CIA known as Operation Cyclone.

The same aiding continues in Ronald Regan's era also. Along with the CIA, Pakistan's ISI, British's MI6 & Saudi Arabia are also supporting Mujahideen in Afghanistan.

Mujahideen Who? ..They are a small group of Guerilla Fighters who fought with their enemies by hiding through hills & mountains, But by looking at such massive support they not only had small-scale weapons, they now even had high scale & advanced weapons such as Anti-Aircraft missiles, etc.

• 1988: Afghan President Mohammed Najibullah signs Geneva Accord with Pakistan in presence of USA & USSR stating both nations won't interfere in each other countries borderline.

         "USA promised if USSR takes away their troops from Afghanistan, then the USA will also stop supporting mujahideen & will ban the weapons supplying to them."

• 1989: USSR finally withdraws their troop from Afghanistan & left Afghanistan peacefully.

• 1990: Afghanistan is declared as an "Islamic Republic" & all references to Communism are removed.

"Even after promising they won't support Mujhaden, the USA continues to support & supply weapons to Mujahideen & They slowly start an uprising in power across Afghanistan."

• 1989-1992: A Civil War takes place between Afghan Gov & Mujahideen & Mujhaden emerges as victory side & Burhanuddin Rabbani becomes president of Afghanistan.

Over the years a new enemy is born inside Afghanistan named "Taliban" & immediately they remove Rabbani from the presidential throne.

Who are they..?: 

Initially, they are a small group of Students, Comprising only 50 students, led by a leader called Mullah Omar. From Pakistan also few refugees entered Afghanistan & soon joined the Taliban. 

Taliban is supported by Pakistan & Saudi Arabia & even a few saying goes that the USA is responsible for the creation of the Taliban & In a logical way, it's true also.

• Supporting extremist.
• Purging democracy in any means.
• Supplying Arms & Ammunition to extremists.
• Creating a warful environment.
• Printing & Supplying textbooks containing violent images throughout Afghanistan.
• Promotion of extremist ideology through same.

All of the above reasons are responsible for the successful creation of the Taliban in Afghanistan.

• 1996: Taliban captures Kabul & establishes "Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan". Common people also started supporting the Taliban as little stability is seen throughout the nation & even the Taliban maintains peace in few regions of Afghanistan.

But over the time, the greed of power changes their peaceful nature & turns the Taliban into a conservative form of ideology. Taliban soon starts to banning few things in Afghanistan.

Such as:

• Cinema, TV, Music 
• Football, Chess, Painting
• Photography, Foreigners, Clean Shave
• UN Offices, NGO's, Internet 
• Education for Girls above 10 years
• A compulsion for Men to have Clean Shave & Women to wear Burqas.

Taliban belongs to Pasthun Ideology, So they eve started Ethnic Cleansing against the Non-Pasthun's People.

• Thousands of Muslims got killed
• Christians got prosecuted
• Hindus are given separate badges to identify them from other ethnicities
• Buddha status is also destroyed which is one of the prominent parts of Afghanistan's culture.

Most of the nations across the globe started criticizing & raising voices against the Taliban's Cruelty, But there are still 3 countries during that time which recognize Afghanistan as a legitimate government in Kabul & they are Pakistan, Saudi Arabia & UAE.

• Late -1990's: Some Mujahideen forces known as Northern Alliance tries to fight back against the Taliban but they lost in 2001. 

After the Infamous 9/11 Terrorist Attack which was caused by Osama Bin Laden head of Al-Qaeda. The Taliban had sheltered Osama in Afghanistan.

• 2001: The USA send its armed forces to Afghanistan to conduct airstrikes & ground fights with the Taliban which also led to the killing of enormous civilians & common people.

• 2002: The USA with the help of the North Alliance leads to complete pushback of the Taliban & soon Hamid Karzai becomes the Interim president of Afghanistan.

• 2004: New Constitution is adopted in Afghanistan again. The election takes place & more than 6 million + people cast their votes in the election. Karzai wins the election & established friendly relations with India. 

       The USA on the other hand started their airstrikes & bombing on Pakistan also to eliminate the hideouts of the Taliban.

• 2013: Mullah Omar who was the first leader of the Taliban has died due to aging illness.

During all these times USA army is stationed in Afghanistan to keep the Taliban under tremendous pressure & maintain peace by supporting the democratic government in Afghanistan.

But still, with so much effort, the USA had failed to completely wipe out the Taliban & they even started popping up at different places by finding other ways.    

Taliban started conducting bombings & shootouts in different places of Afghanistan & even in the neighboring countries, killing shedloads of civilians & common people.

• 2020: Donald Trump president of the USA started peace talks with the Taliban to end the 18-year long war. The US proposed a deal to the Taliban stating that "If they remove all their ties with Al-Qaeda, America will withdraw its forces & leave Afghanistan peacefully. 

During these times approx 2 Trillion USD has been spent on the Afghan war by the US government.

• 2021: Taliban rises to the utmost violent state ever in Afghanistan having more than 85,000 + soldiers across Afghanistan. Joe Biden continues the Trump policy on Afghanistan & started withdrawing its troop from Afghanistan.

Currently, Almost 90% of the borders are in Taliban control, the president of Afghanistan with his family had left Afghanistan & even other countries also started withdrawing their people from Afghanistan, soon the whole of Afghanistan will be in Taliban control, leading to the complete demise of democracy.

Bottom Line: Whether it's Taliban or Afghan gov, USA or USSR it's the common civilians who suffered the most. In the present time also is the civilian who is suffering & getting butchered across the streets just like they are some insects. Currently, Afghanistan is in the worst state ever it has been in History.

Hope soon Justice Previlaed & Peace Continues throughout Afghanistan.

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